Storage media for an optical information system having an identification code embedded therein

ABSTRACT

A optical storage disc for use in an optical storage system includes a storage layer which is capable of being disrupted when a laser beam of sufficient intensity is focused thereon. The optical storage disc has a transparent substrate layer on one side of the storage layer and a lacquer layer on the other side of the storage layer. The disruptions provided by the laser beam are selected to provide human readable and/or machine readable patterns. To reduce the damage to portions of the optical disc other than the storage layer, the storage layer is exposed to the laser beam prior to curing, or prior to applying and curing the lacquer layer. The optical disc can be of the type with data written thereon during fabrication, or the disc can be of the type in which data can be impressed thereon after fabrication of the optical disc. The patterns on the optical disc can be in the form of optical bar codes formed in a mirror region of the disc. In one application of the present invention involving the type of disc on which data can be written after fabrication, the pattern resulting from application of the laser beam to the disc is read by an optical reading device and transferred to the disc in the data format.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of, and claims thebenefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 from, U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 08/203,842, filed Feb. 28, 1994, U.S. Pat. No. 5,430,281 thecontents of which are incorporated herein, which is a continuingapplication of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/810,976 filed on Dec.20, 1991 abandoned. Reference is also made to commonly assigned U.S.patent application Ser. No. 07,999,626 filed Dec. 31, 1992, which is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/810,976filed on Dec. 20, 1991.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of Invention

The invention relates generally to media upon which information isstored in an optical information storage and retrieval unit and, moreparticularly, to the inclusion in the media of an indelible identifyingcode.

2. Description of the Related Art

At the present state of technology, the optical storage disc is thepreferred medium for read-only storage of large quantities ofinformation. In this medium, the information is retrieved through theinteraction of a radiation beam with the storage medium. At present,three principal types of optical storage discs are in common use. Thefirst type of optical storage disc is manufactured with the informationstored therein, generally in the form depressions formed into apolycarbonate substrate. A reflecting coating is deposited on thepolycarbonate substrate and the radiation beam is focused on thereflecting layer. This type of optical disc is frequently referred to asa CD audio disc or a ROM (i.e., read only memory) disc. The second typeof optical storage disc has the capability of having informationrecorded (written) thereon at some time after the fabrication of thedisc. Such an optical storage disc is frequently referred to as awritable optical storage disc. The third type of optical storage dischas the capacity to have information recorded on the disc afterfabrication. In addition, the stored information can be erased ormodified at a later time. This type of optical storage disc is generallyreferred to as an erasable or a re-writable optical storage disc.

In each type of optical storage disc, the storage layer is supported andprotected by a polycarbonate support substrate and by a protective(lacquer) overcoat layer. However, the storage layer is modified in thewritable disc and in the erasable disc. The storage layer in thewritable disc includes a reflector layer (generally fabricated fromgold) proximate the lacquer overcoat layer and includes a recordinglayer, typically a dye polymer layer, proximate the polycarbonate layer.The newly fabricated writable optical storage disc has a recording layerthat is responsive to radiation having selected parameters, theradiation changing the optical properties of the recording layer.Differences in the optical properties of the recording layer can bedetected, through the interaction with an impinging radiation beam andinformation, encoded by means of the optical property changes, can berecovered. In order to simplify the discussion, the recording, storage,and/or the reflective layer of the writable optical disc will bereferred to as the storage layer.

During and after the manufacturing process, a need has been felt for atechnique for providing permanent identification for the disc. In thismanner, any problems that might originate with the manufacturing processcan be related to discs fabricated during the same period of time oreven to the same batch. Similarly, the history of the usage of the disccan be determined when a record is kept of the identifying informationat the time of the accessing of the disc.

In the prior art, information has been applied to the surface of thedisc, by means of mechanical disruption of the surface or by depositionof legible material on the surface. The information provided on thesurface of the disc, however, can be easily compromised eitheraccidentally or intentionally.

Recently, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,961,077 issued to D. L. Wilson et al., atechnique for the permanent labelling of the discs was described.Specifically, the metal reflective layer, upon which the permanentidentification information is stored as areas of varying reflectivity,is marked by means of a pulsed laser. The pulsed laser causes anindelible marking on the reflective layer, a marking which is protectedby the same transparent coating which protects the reflective coating.The process described in the Wilson reference is extremely sensitive tothe energy level of the laser beam, too small an energy level in thelaser beam not providing an identifiable marking, while too much energycan disrupt the lacquer overcoat layer and/or the polycarbonate layerused to protect the reflective layer. The disruption of the storagelayer can result in damage to the surrounding portions of the opticaldisc. In addition, applying the laser beam to the reflective surfacethrough the narrower of the two protective coatings is recommended tominimize the destructive effects of the laser beam resulting from thepassage of high intensity radiation through the layers.

A need has been felt for a technique for providing indelible identifyingmarkings for the discs storing optical information which is relativelyinsensitive to the power of the radiation beam and which reduces thedamage to the optical disc. Also needed is a technique for enhancing themachine readability of the disc markings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of theproblems set forth above. Briefly summarized, according to one aspect ofthe present invention, the marking of the disc is performed on thestorage layer of the optical disc, however, the marking is performedprior to the curing of the protective lacquer overcoat or prior to theapplication of the protective overcoat itself. Because the lacquerovercoat, prior to curing of this material, is relatively elastic, thedisruption of the overcoat as a result of the laser interaction with thereflective layer can be accomplished without excessive damage. Themarkings provided by the laser beam are arranged in preselectedpatterns, the patterns including machine readable and human readableinformation. According to one embodiment, optical bar code patterns canbe printed in a manner that the position of an optical bar code readerrelative to the center of the disc is irrelevant in interpreting theoptical bar code message. The optical bar code patterns are located inthe mirror region of the disc.

These and other aspects, objects, features and advantages of the presentinvention will be more clearly understood and appreciated from a reviewof the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments andappended claims, and be reference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of an optical storage disc of the typegenerally referred to as a read-only optical storage disc.

FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of an optical disc of the typegenerally referred to as a writable optical storage disc.

FIG. 3A illustrates a first embodiment of a process by which machinereadable and human readable information can be indelibly fixed in theoptical storage media, and FIG. 3B illustrates a second embodiment of aprocess by which machine readable and human readable information can beindelibly fixed in an optical storage media.

FIG. 4a is a cross sectional view of a mark in an optical storage discgenerated as a result of the process illustrated in FIG. 3A, while FIG.4B is a cross sectional view of a mark in an optical storage discgenerated as a result of the process illustrated in FIG. 4B.

FIG. 5 illustrates an optical disc having machine readable and humanreadable text printed thereon.

FIG. 6 illustrates how the optical bar code characters are formedaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the storage medium and the read/write headincluding apparatus associated therewith of the storage and retrievalunit.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIG. 1, a cross-sectional view of a read-only opticalstorage disc 10 for storing prerecorded data (in a form which can beidentified by a radiation beam interacting with the disc) is shown.Transparent polycarbonate or substrate layer 12, or similar material hasan optical transmission characteristic which permits the radiationinteracting with the storage layer structure of the optical disc to betransmitted therethrough. The polycarbonate layer also acts as a supportand protection layer for the remainder of the optical disc. Next to thepolycarbonate layer 12 is the aluminum reflector layer 11. Thepolycarbonate layer 12 is fabricated with the stored information as asurface structure. The reflecting layer is deposited in such a manner asto provide a surface generally retaining the structure of thepolycarbonate surface. A lacquer or other protective overcoat layer 13is applied to the aluminum reflector layer in an uncured state. Thelacquer or protective layer is typically of the type which is cured byultraviolet radiation and the cured lacquer layer 13 supports andprotects the aluminum reflector layer 11. In the past, identificationmarkings 14 have been typically printed on the surface of the lacquerovercoat layer 13 or mechanically scribed in the surface of lacquerovercoat layer 13.

Referring to FIG. 2, a writable optical storage disc 20 used for thestorage of information is shown. In this type of optical storage disc,the data can be `written` on the disc after the disc is fabricated. Aswith the optical storage disc of FIG. 1, the writable optical discincludes a polycarbonate substrate of support layer 22. The storagelayer 5 of the disc consists of a recording layer 21, which can be a dyepolymer layer, and reflector layer 25, which can be fabricated fromgold. Next to the reflector layer 25 is a lacquer overcoat layer 23,which is applied and then cured. Finally, the markings 24 on the surfaceof the disc provide human and machine readable information.

Referring to FIG. 3A, the process for providing indelible information ona disc is shown. In step 1, the several layers of the optical disc isassembled. In step 32, the storage layer and the reflecting layer of theoptical disc has information applied thereto, typically by using laserradiation to disrupt an interior surface region. In step 33, the lacquerovercoat layer is cured, providing the final step in the fabrication ofan optical disc according to the present invention. In FIG. 3B, analternative process for providing indelible information on an opticaldisc is shown. In step 35, several layers of the optical disc areassembled. However, the surface region of the storage layer andreflective layer, on which the writing is to be inscribed, does not havethe lacquer or protective coating applied thereon. In step 36, themarking of the surface is accomplished. In the preferred embodiment,this marking is accomplished by focused high intensity radiation, suchas focused laser radiation. In step 37, the newly applied protectiveovercoat is applied to the region which has been marked and, ifrequired, the protective coating is cured.

Referring to FIG. 4A, a phenomenalogical representation of anidentifying mark on an optical disc, capable of having informationwritten thereon after fabrication, is shown. The disc 20 is fabricatedwith a polycarbonate layer 22, a reflecting layer 25, and a lacquerovercoat layer 23. The disruption 4 caused by the laser radiation is inthe reflector layer 25, depending on the intensity of the radiation canextend to or into the polycarbonate layer. In FIG. 4B, the disc 20 isassembled with the polycarbonate layer 22, the reflecting layer 25, andthe lacquer or protective overcoat layer 23. However, a region 25' isnot covered by the lacquer overcoat. The radiation causes a disruptionin a selected region of the reflecting layer 5. The radiation parameterscan be adjusted to provide relatively little impact on the polycarbonatesubstrate. The region without the lacquer overcoat can have also haveprinting applied thereto. The additional lacquer overcoat is applied,protecting the disrupted and/or printed region and protecting theinformation represented thereby from compromise.

Referring to FIG. 5, a top view of a optical storage disc, particularlya type of disc 50 known as a compact disc (CD) is shown. The opticaldisc 50 typically has four regions which, with increasing radius can bedefined as the following. Aperture 56 provides a structure to engage aspindle for controlled rotation of the disc. The next area is a clamparea or zone 53. The clamp area 53 typically does not have a storagelayer associated therewith and is used to provide a space wherein thespindle can be mechanically coupled to the disc without interfering withaccess to the data stored on the disc. The mirror area 52 has a storagelayer associated therewith but does not have data embedded therein and,therefore, has a mirror-like appearance. Data area 51 of disc 50 hasdata stored on the storage layer including the reflecting layerassociated therewith and, consequently, because of the structure in thereflecting layer, has a dull appearance when compared to the mirror-likeappearance of mirror area 52. The mirror area 52 can be labelled ineither a machine readable code 55 and/or with human readable markings bythe process described in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, and illustrated by FIG. 4Aand FIG. 4B. The disc 50 can therefore be labelled or marked bycarbonizing the plastic in clamp area 53, marking the mirror area 52 ofan optical disc 50 in the presence of an uncured lacquer overcoat layer23 and then curing the lacquer overcoat layer as described above,marking the mirror area 52 of the disc prior to application of theprotective overcoat 41 and curing of the lacquer overcoat region 41after application of the protective coating, or marking the mirrorregion 52 after the protective layer 23 is cured. In the preferredembodiment, a group of alpha/numeric characters 58 are printed in theclamp area and identifying fabrication information. Alpha/numericcharacters are provided in a human readable format and are printed onthe surface of the mirror region 52. Code characters 59 are provided inthe mirror region 52 in a machine readable (i.e., bar code) format.

Industry accepted standards for locating the aperture 56, clamp area 53,mirror region 52 and data area 51 have been adopted. The physicalstandards for both CD-Audio and CD-ROM discs are described in the"Compact Disc Digital Audio System Description" developed by SonyCorporation and N. V. Phillips and commonly referred to as the "RedBook". The Red Book specifies that the clamp area or zone 53 extendsfrom a radius of 13.0 mm to a radius of 16.5 mm. The clamp area 53 mustmeet certain requirements for thickness. flatness, and absolute positionrelative to the information carrying surface of the disc in order toassure proper interface of the disc to a CD reader. As would be readilyappreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the data area 51includes a lead-in area located between a radius of 23.0 (+0.0, -0.1) mmand 25.0 (+0.0, -0.2) mm and a program area that follows the lead-inarea and extends toward an outer radius of the disc (60.0) mm for adistance that depends on the amount of information stored on the disc.Compact disc readers must be able to access the lead-in area and trackon and recover information encoded in the disc in the form and formatidentical to information encoded in the program area. A furtherinformation area is defined for recordable compact discs in the document"Compact Discs, Recordable Compact Disc Systems, Systems Descriptions "by Sony Corporation and N. V. Phillips, commonly referred to as the"Orange Book". The information area is defined as beginning at a radiusof 23.35 (+0.15, -0.00) mm. The region between the start of theinformation area and the start of the leadin area is used for recordingsthat must be performed as part of the writing process. Examples includeperforming write power calibration, storing a temporary table ofcontents, etc. Compact disc writers need to access this area, so it mustbe identical in physical form to the lead-in and program areas discussedabove. Many discs also include an area between radii of 16.5 and 18.0 mmthat contains various features such as a raised annular ring or moatthat is used to provide easy separation of the discs. The mirror region52, as would be readily understood by those skilled in the art, liesbetween the end of the moat area and the beginning of the lead-in area,namely between about 18.0 to 23.0 mm, for CD-Audio and CD-ROM discs, andbetween the end of the moat area and the beginning of the informationarea, namely between about 18.0 to 22.4 mm, for a recordable CD. If amoat is not provided on the disc, the mirror region 52 may begin at theend of the clamp zone.

Referring to FIG. 6, an expanded view of the technique for writinginformation capable of being interpreted by an optical bar code readerin a manner in which the distance of the reader from the center of thedisc is not important, even though the linear velocity of the opticalcode past the reader is a function of radius. The optical bar codemarkings 61 are formed by marking the area between two radius lines 61and 62 from a first radial distance (R₁) 64 to a second radial distance(R₂) 65. With this bar code configuration, for a constant angularvelocity of the disc, the distance of a bar code reader from the centerof the disc is irrelevant. The time each bar interacts optically withthe detector of the optical bar code reader retrieving information fromthe storage is independent of the distance from the disc center.

Referring to FIG. 7, apparatus for reading the machine readable markingson an optical disc 70 is shown. A read/write head 75 applies radiationsuitable for reading information to the markings to the disc. Thereflected radiation has an intensity modulated by the identificationmarkings 72. The optical read/write head 75 can identify the intensityof the reflected signal, or, the detector 76 can identify transmittedradiation. The resulting signals from either read/write head 75 or fromdetector 76 are applied to the analyzing and storage apparatus 77 wherethe data is processed and, when required stored. When the optical disc70 is a disc upon which information can be written, the analyzing andstorage apparatus 77 can be used to control the information written onthe disc. In this manner, the information identifying the optical disccan be encoded and written on the data portion of the disc in a formatcompatible with the other data written thereon.

Briefly summarized, according to one aspect of the present invention,the marking of the disc is performed on the storage layer of an opticalstorage disc, however, the marking is performed prior to the curing ofthe lacquer overcoat layer according to one embodiment and prior to theapplication of the lacquer coating in a second embodiment. In theoptical storage disc of the present invention, the overcoat isfabricated from a lacquer material for which ultraviolet light providesthe curing reaction and reduces the elasticity of the overcoat.

The purpose of the invention is to provide a technique for theapplication of an indelible identifying marks to an optical disc.Briefly summarized, according to one aspect of the present invention,the marking of the disc is performed on the storage layer, however, themarking is performed prior to the curing of, or prior to the applicationof the lacquer or protective overcoat layer. Where not previouslyapplied, the protective overcoat is then applied. The lacquer materialis then exposed to ultraviolet light which provides the curing for thelacquer overcoat layer. By marking storage layer prior to curing of thelacquer overcoat layer, the lacquer overcoat layer, when present remainspliable enough to absorb damage that would otherwise result from thedisruption of the polycarbonate layer.

In the optical disc capable of having information written or storedthereon after fabrication, the present invention has an importantapplication. A facility capable of only reading the optical disc wouldtypically not have the apparatus to interpret the optical bar code.Without the ability of read and interpret the bar code automatically,information can be stored on the disc which is not appropriate for thatdisc. Therefore, at the facility where the data is added to thefabricated disc, an optical bar code reader can be used to identify theoptical bar code information and to include the informationautomatically in the data written or stored on the disc. In other words,the simultaneous presence of bar coded encoded information andequivalent information stored in the format of the information writtenon the optical disc insures that the disc has not been compromised.

While the storage medium has been described both in general terms and interms of an optical disc, other medium for the storage of opticalinformation, which have the general layer structure of the optical disc,can use the present invention advantageously. In addition, the storagelayer has been described as generally including a reflective layer. Theuse of the reflection of radiation from a storage disc is generally usedto identify the information stored thereon. However, the use of anoptical storage disc which relies on the interaction of transmittedradiation with the storage media could use the present inventionadvantageously.

Similarly, while the invention has been described with particularreference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by thoseskilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents maybe substituted for elements of the preferred embodiment withoutdeparting from invention. In addition, many modifications may be made toadapt a particular situation and material to a teaching of the inventionwithout departing from the essential teachings of the present invention.By way of specific example, the lacquer layer used proximate the storagelayer could be implemented with any material having properties suitablefor the protection of the storage layer. By way of a different example,in the erasable optical disc, the storage layer can be selected of amaterial wherein an impinging radiation beam this appropriate parameterscan provide a non-reversible change can take place. The non-reversiblechange protected from compromise by the protective overcoat layer.

As is evident from the foregoing description, certain aspects of theinvention are not limited to the particular details of the examplesillustrated, and it is therefore contemplated that other modificationsand applications will occur to those skilled in the art. It isaccordingly intended that the claims shall cover all such modificationsand applications as do not depart from the true spirit and scope of theinvention.

PARTS LIST

4 disruption

5 storage layer

10 disc

11 reflector layer

12 polycarbonate or substrate layer

13 overcoat layer

14 identification markings

20 disc

21 recording layer

22 support layer

23 overcoat layer

24 markings

25 reflector layer

25' region

41 protective overcoat

50 disc

51 data area

52 mirror area

53 clamp area

55 readable code

56 aperture

59 code characters

61 code markings

62 radius lines

64 radial distance

65 second radial distance

70 disc

72 identification markings

75 read/write head

76 detector

77 storage apparatus

What is claimed is:
 1. An optical storage disc including a clamp area, adata area and a mirror area, said optical storage disc comprising:asupport substrate layer; a storage layer proximate said supportsubstrate layer, wherein said storage layer includes a preselectedpattern of disruptions formed by a laser beam in the mirror area of theoptical storage disc, wherein the preselected pattern of disruptionscomprise a bar code including a plurality of bar code characters, andwherein a thickness of each bar code character is a linear function ofdistance from a center of said optical disc; and a protective layercovering said storage layer.
 2. The optical storage disc of claim 1wherein said pattern of disruptions is structured such that the bar codepattern can be read by an optical bar code reader independent of radialposition.
 3. The optical storage disc of claim 1 wherein said storagelayer includes a dye polymer layer.
 4. The optical storage disc of claim1 wherein said pattern of disruptions comprising the bar code patternincludes information related to the fabrication of said disc.
 5. Amethod of permanently marking an optical storage disc including a clamparea, a data area and a mirror area, said method comprising the stepsof:assembling an optical disc having a storage layer and a polycarbonatelayer; applying a pattern of disruptions on a selected region of saidstorage layer comprising the mirror area of the optical disc with alaser beam, said pattern of disruptions comprises an optical bar codeincluding a plurality of bar code characters, wherein a thickness ofeach bar code character is a linear function of distance from a centerof said optical disc; and protecting said selected region of saidstorage layer with a lacquer layer; and selecting said pattern ofdisruptions to provide an optical bar code.
 6. The method of claim 5wherein said protecting step includes a step of covering said selectedregion with a protective overcoat following said applying step.